D) Lymphatics Of The Upper Limb

The lymphatics of the upper limb form as subcutaneous plexuses around the hands, and these coalesce to form channels that accompany the superficial venous system (basilic/cephalic veins). Basilic lymphatics occasionally encounter epitrochlear nodes in the cubital fossa. Most lymph from this system is then collected by the lateral group of axillary lymph nodes, which lie on the medial surface of the axillary vein. These nodes drain to central axillary and then apical axillary nodes.
Lymph vessels accompanying the cephalic vein may cross over the arm to reach the basilic vein and the lateral axillary nodes, or alternatively continue with the cephalic vein to reach the apical nodes directly. Occasionally infraclavicular nodes which lie along the course of the cephalic vein may be present. These nodes occasionally drain the superior and lateral parts of the breast.
From the apical nodes, lymph passes to the inferior deep cervical nodes between the subclavian and jugular veins. It is then returned to the venous system via the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct.

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